Polarization: What Do We Know and What Can We Do About It?

Superior Capsule Reconstruction: What Do We Know?

The management of irreparable rotator cuff tears remains challenging. Since its introduction by Mihata in 2012, superiorcapsule reconstruction (SCR) has grown in popularity at an astonishingly rapid rate. The aim of this article is to providea comprehensive review of the available literature, in order to highlight what has so far been published on SCR,covering all aspects including biomechanica...

Molecular approaches to diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis what we know and what we do not know.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) are a major complication in immunocompromized patients where can be serious and rapidly fatal. Early diagnosis and early appropriate antifungal treatment is important in reducing mortality and morbidity. But despite many efforts to develop detection methods, the diagnosis of IA still remains challenging and current conventional methods are limited for adequate diagno...

Do We Know What We Do not Know? A Response to Celine Bonnet

Q&A: What do we know about influenza and what can we do about it?

Influenza pandemics occur when human populations are infected by a variant virus to which a population has no prior immunity. What are the crucial varying genes? The crucial genes are those encoding the two viral surface proteins hemagglutinin (H or HA) and neuraminidase (N or NA). The influenza A viruses [1] that infect mammals like us replicate principally in the epithelial cells of the airwa...

tube thoracostomy (chest tube) removal in traumatic patients: what do we know? what can we do?

chest tube (ct) or tube thoracostomy placement is often indicated following traumatic injuries. premature movement of the chest tube leads to increased hospital complications and costs for patients. placement of a chest tube is indicated in drainage of blood, bile, pus, drain air, and other fluids. although there is a general agreement for the placement of a chest tube, there is little consensu...